Choosing the right material is critical for laboratory safety and experimental accuracy. Borosilicate glass (e.g., 3.3 glass) is preferred for high-temperature applications due to its low thermal expansion and high chemical resistance. In contrast, plastic test tubes (PP or PS) are ideal for single-use, high-speed centrifugation, or when breakage risk must be minimized. Polypropylene (PP) offers better chemical resistance and can be autoclaved, while Polystyrene (PS) provides optical clarity but is more brittle.