Sulfuric acid 98%

When sourcing 98% Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), buyers must verify the concentration (assay) is strictly between 98.0% and 98.5%. Key impurities to monitor include Iron (Fe) content (should be <50ppm for high-grade), Arsenic (As), and heavy metals. The appearance must be a clear, colorless to slightly turbid oily liquid; any dark discoloration may indicate organic contamination or degradation of storage tank linings.

Suppliers must provide a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS/SDS) aligned with the GHS (Globally Harmonized System). For international trade, ensure the product meets ISO 9001:2015 for quality management. Depending on the application, you may require food-grade certification (FCC) or reagent-grade standards (ACS). Crucially, verify the UN Number (UN 1830) and Hazard Class 8 (Corrosive) documentation for legal transport.

This concentration is widely used in phosphate fertilizer production, petroleum refining (alkylation), and metal processing (pickling). It also serves as a critical dehydrating agent in chemical synthesis and a primary component in lead-acid battery electrolyte manufacturing. Buyers should specify their application to ensure the supplier provides the correct purity grade (Industrial, Battery, or CP grade).

98% Sulfuric Acid is highly corrosive but acts as an oxidizer that passivates certain metals. Carbon steel tanks are common for 98% concentration at ambient temperatures, but 316L Stainless Steel or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is preferred for smaller volumes or higher purity requirements. Ensure all gaskets and seals are made of PTFE (Teflon) to prevent catastrophic leaks.

Sulfuric Acid is a Class 8 Corrosive Substance. The primary risk is leakage during maritime transit, which can cause structural damage to vessels. Buyers must ensure the supplier uses UN-certified packaging, such as IBC tanks or specialized ISO tanks. On Made-in-China.com, prioritize suppliers with 'Audited Supplier' status who demonstrate experience in handling Dangerous Goods (DG) logistics.

Always request a Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) conducted by third parties like SGS or Intertek to verify the concentration and impurity levels before the balance payment. Use Secure Payment terms or Letters of Credit (L/C) to ensure funds are only released upon the presentation of valid Bill of Lading and Chemical Analysis Reports.

Many countries classify Sulfuric Acid as a precursor chemical because it can be used in the illicit manufacture of explosives or narcotics. Buyers must possess a valid Import License and ensure the supplier provides a Certificate of Origin and a Commercial Invoice that clearly states the chemical's end-use. Failure to provide a Declaration of End-Use can lead to customs seizures.

Chemical prices are highly sensitive to raw material costs (Sulfur prices) and energy indices. Negotiate based on formula-based pricing for long-term contracts. Inquire about volume-based discounts; typically, purchasing in ISO tanks (20-25 tons) offers a significantly lower per-ton price compared to 200L drums due to reduced packaging and handling labor.